About
During their travel from Sun to Earth, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) interact with Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) that fill the interplanetary (IP) space. The leading shock wave when present and the following CME structure modulate GCRs, which results in a reduction of the cosmic ray (CR) intensity, known as Forbush decrease (FD). CMEs are regularly observed via both remote sensing (coronagraph and heliospheric imaging instruments) and in-situ measurements of plasma and magnetic field. However, this two way approach can be augmented with the identification of FDs in the measurements of GCRs; one may detect interplanetary CMEs passing by the observational site. Thereby, the recordings of FDs at different points within the heliosphere could be used as tracers of the IP evolution of CMEs. In this work, we present FD events that have been recorded at Earth by neutron monitors and in the inner heliosphere by the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft. Using these FDs as a tracer of the agent CMEs, we identify their kinematics from 0.3 to 1 AU and quantify the effect of the CME physical parameters to the recorded intensity decrease during the FDs.
Catalog
| Date | Time | Helios s/c | Longitude | R(AU) | AH1 (%) | AH2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/16/1974 | 19:00:00 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1.9 | 1.3 |
| 12/22/1974 | 9:00:00 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | -99 |
| 12/25/1974 | 10:00:00 | 1 | -0.01 | 0.99 | 3.1 | 2 |
| 12/27/1974 | 3:00:00 | 1 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 1.2 | 0.9 |
| 12/29/1974 | 10:00:00 | 1 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
| 1/3/1975 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.04 | 0.96 | 3.4 | 1.7 |
| 1/6/1975 | 20:00:00 | 1 | -0.06 | 0.94 | 10.7 | 2.7 |
| 1/7/1975 | 20:00:00 | 1 | -0.06 | 0.94 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
| 1/10/1975 | 6:00:00 | 1 | -0.07 | 0.93 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| 1/11/1975 | 17:00:00 | 1 | -0.08 | 0.92 | 6.1 | 2.7 |
| 1/12/1975 | 14:00:00 | 1 | -0.08 | 0.92 | 1.5 | -99 |
| 1/15/1975 | 3:00:00 | 1 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 1.6 |
| 1/23/1975 | 2:00:00 | 1 | -0.16 | 0.84 | 2.9 | -99 |
| 1/25/1975 | 18:00:00 | 1 | -0.17 | 0.83 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
| 1/28/1975 | 10:00:00 | 1 | -0.19 | 0.81 | 1.8 | -99 |
| 1/30/1975 | 2:00:00 | 1 | -0.21 | 0.79 | 3.9 | 1 |
| 2/2/1975 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.25 | 0.75 | 1.8 | -99 |
| 2/6/1975 | 18:00:00 | 1 | -0.29 | 0.71 | 2.5 | -99 |
| 2/10/1975 | 0:00:00 | 1 | -0.33 | 0.67 | 2.5 | -99 |
| 2/13/1975 | 9:00:00 | 1 | -0.36 | 0.64 | 1.1 | -99 |
| 2/21/1975 | 7:00:00 | 1 | -0.46 | 0.54 | 7 | -99 |
| 2/23/1975 | 7:00:00 | 1 | -0.49 | 0.51 | 4 | -99 |
| 3/4/1975 | 1:00:00 | 1 | -0.61 | 0.39 | 9.1 | 3.3 |
| 4/1/1975 | 12:00:00 | 1 | -0.53 | 0.47 | 4.2 | -99 |
| 10/2/1975 | 18:00:00 | 1 | -0.6 | 0.4 | 3.9 | -99 |
| 10/8/1975 | 1:00:00 | 1 | -0.52 | 0.48 | 1.6 | -99 |
| 10/9/1975 | 21:00:00 | 1 | -0.51 | 0.49 | 3.8 | -99 |
| 10/11/1975 | 5:00:00 | 1 | -0.48 | 0.52 | 3.3 | 0.6 |
| 10/14/1975 | 23:00:00 | 1 | -0.45 | 0.55 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
| 10/15/1975 | 12:00:00 | 1 | -0.43 | 0.57 | 2 | -99 |
| 10/17/1975 | 11:00:00 | 1 | -0.41 | 0.59 | 1.7 | -99 |
| 10/31/1975 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.25 | 0.75 | 7.9 | 2.1 |
| 11/4/1975 | 3:00:00 | 1 | -0.21 | 0.79 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| 11/9/1975 | 2:00:00 | 1 | -0.18 | 0.82 | 3 | 1.8 |
| 11/10/1975 | 14:00:00 | 1 | -0.16 | 0.84 | 2.7 | -99 |
| 11/14/1975 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.14 | 0.86 | 1.7 | -99 |
| 11/17/1975 | 4:00:00 | 1 | -0.12 | 0.88 | 2.4 | 2 |
| 11/21/1975 | 5:00:00 | 1 | -0.09 | 0.91 | 9.3 | 2.7 |
| 11/26/1975 | 6:00:00 | 1 | -0.07 | 0.93 | 1.2 | 1 |
| 11/27/1975 | 20:00:00 | 1 | -0.06 | 0.94 | 4.7 | 2 |
| 1/20/1976 | 13:00:00 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2.3 | 0.7 |
| 1/22/1976 | 3:00:00 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2.4 | 1.6 |
| 1/29/1976 | 13:00:00 | 1 | -0.09 | 0.91 | 4.4 | 1.6 |
| 1/30/1976 | 5:00:00 | 2 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
| 1/31/1976 | 8:00:00 | 2 | -0.03 | 0.97 | 3.7 | 1.6 |
| 2/4/1976 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.14 | 0.86 | 1.7 | 0.8 |
| 2/7/1976 | 0:00:00 | 2 | -0.05 | 0.95 | 2.4 | 0.8 |
| 2/14/1976 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.22 | 0.78 | 2 | 1.9 |
| 2/17/1976 | 5:00:00 | 2 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 1.9 |
| 2/24/1976 | 0:00:00 | 1 | -0.32 | 0.68 | 5.3 | 1.3 |
| 2/25/1976 | 2:00:00 | 2 | -0.15 | 0.85 | 5.3 | 1.3 |
| 2/27/1976 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.35 | 0.65 | 1.7 | 1 |
| 2/27/1976 | 19:00:00 | 2 | -0.17 | 0.83 | 1.4 | 1 |
| 3/2/1976 | 5:00:00 | 1 | -0.39 | 0.61 | 2.3 | -99 |
| 3/3/1976 | 4:00:00 | 2 | -0.21 | 0.79 | 1 | -99 |
| 3/4/1976 | 5:00:00 | 2 | -0.22 | 0.78 | 2.3 | -99 |
| 3/5/1976 | 1:00:00 | 1 | -0.43 | 0.57 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
| 3/5/1976 | 16:00:00 | 2 | -0.22 | 0.78 | 1.7 | -99 |
| 3/11/1976 | 20:00:00 | 1 | -0.51 | 0.49 | 1.7 | -99 |
| 3/12/1976 | 14:00:00 | 2 | -0.29 | 0.71 | 1.7 | -99 |
| 3/12/1976 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.52 | 0.48 | 3 | -99 |
| 3/12/1976 | 15:00:00 | 2 | -0.29 | 0.71 | 1.7 | -99 |
| 3/13/1976 | 11:00:00 | 2 | -0.3 | 0.7 | 2 | -99 |
| 3/13/1976 | 18:00:00 | 1 | -0.53 | 0.47 | 2.7 | -99 |
| 3/22/1976 | 4:00:00 | 0 | -0.65 | 0.35 | 5.6 | 4.2 |
| 3/29/1976 | 22:00:00 | 2 | -0.51 | 0.49 | 3.3 | -99 |
| 3/30/1976 | 4:32:00 | 2 | -0.53 | 0.47 | 21 | 4.3 |
| 4/1/1976 | 13:00:00 | 2 | -0.55 | 0.45 | 8.1 | -99 |
| 4/1/1976 | 17:00:00 | 1 | -0.68 | 0.32 | 6.6 | -99 |
| 5/12/1976 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.24 | 0.76 | 4.3 | -99 |
| 11/1/1976 | 12:00:00 | 2 | -0.59 | 0.41 | 4.8 | -99 |
| 11/2/1976 | 18:00:00 | 1 | -0.39 | 0.61 | 3 | -99 |
| 11/4/1976 | 6:00:00 | 2 | -0.55 | 0.45 | 1.6 | -99 |
| 11/6/1976 | 3:00:00 | 2 | -0.52 | 0.48 | 1.3 | -99 |
| 11/6/1976 | 15:00:00 | 1 | -0.35 | 0.65 | 5 | -99 |
| 11/8/1976 | 2:00:00 | 2 | -0.49 | 0.51 | 2.3 | -99 |
| 12/1/1976 | 16:50:00 | 1 | -0.13 | 0.87 | 5.4 | -99 |
| 12/3/1976 | 15:00:00 | 2 | -0.21 | 0.79 | 3.1 | 1.2 |
| 12/5/1976 | 17:00:00 | 1 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | -99 |
| 12/7/1976 | 5:00:00 | 2 | -0.18 | 0.82 | 2.2 | 1.3 |
| 12/7/1976 | 7:00:00 | 1 | -0.09 | 0.91 | 4.4 | 1.3 |
| 12/9/1976 | 9:00:00 | 1 | -0.07 | 0.93 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
| 12/10/1976 | 7:00:00 | 2 | -0.14 | 0.86 | 4.2 | 0.8 |
| 12/14/1976 | 20:00:00 | 1 | -0.05 | 0.95 | 4.7 | 0.8 |
| 12/16/1976 | 4:00:00 | 2 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 4.1 | -99 |
| 12/17/1976 | 6:00:00 | 2 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 4.5 | -99 |
| 1/28/1977 | 20:00:00 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 2.7 |
| 1/28/1977 | 23:00:00 | 1 | -0.03 | 0.97 | 10 | 2.7 |
| 1/30/1977 | 9:00:00 | 1 | -0.05 | 0.95 | 2.6 | 1.4 |
| 3/16/1977 | 8:00:00 | 1 | -0.4 | 0.6 | 7.1 | 1.3 |
| 3/16/1977 | 18:00:00 | 2 | -0.28 | 0.72 | 4.4 | 1.3 |
| 3/19/1977 | 6:00:00 | 1 | -0.44 | 0.56 | 5.6 | 0.6 |
| 3/19/1977 | 11:00:00 | 2 | -0.32 | 0.68 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
| 3/31/1977 | 3:00:00 | 1 | -0.59 | 0.41 | 2.9 | 1 |
| 3/31/1977 | 19:00:00 | 2 | -0.46 | 0.54 | 2.2 | 1 |
| 4/1/1977 | 4:00:00 | 1 | -0.6 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 1 |
| 4/1/1977 | 21:00:00 | 2 | -0.48 | 0.52 | 2 | 1 |
| 4/17/1977 | 10:00:00 | 2 | -0.68 | 0.32 | 4.4 | -99 |
| 6/8/1977 | 6:00:00 | 1 | -0.15 | 0.85 | 6.2 | -99 |
| 8/27/1977 | 12:00:00 | 1 | -0.16 | 0.84 | 4.4 | -99 |
| 8/28/1977 | 4:00:00 | 1 | -0.16 | 0.84 | 8.5 | -99 |
| 11/17/1977 | 6:00:00 | 2 | -0.46 | 0.54 | 1.6 | 1 |
| 11/30/1977 | 21:00:00 | 2 | -0.3 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 1.4 |
| 12/1/1977 | 4:00:00 | 1 | -0.25 | 0.75 | 6.4 | -99 |
| 1/3/1978 | 8:39:00 | 1 | -0.03 | 0.97 | 45.6 | 5.5 |
| 1/3/1978 | 14:50:00 | 2 | -0.04 | 0.96 | 50 | 5.5 |
| 1/5/1978 | 10:00:00 | 2 | -0.03 | 0.97 | 3.3 | 1.1 |
| 1/16/1978 | 1:00:00 | 2 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 3.9 | 2.3 |
| 1/17/1978 | 2:00:00 | 2 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 2 | -99 |
| 1/28/1978 | 22:00:00 | 2 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 5.6 | 3.2 |
| 1/30/1978 | 0:00:00 | 2 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 6.7 | 3.1 |
| 2/6/1978 | 6:00:00 | 2 | -0.02 | 0.98 | 5.3 | 1.3 |
| 2/14/1978 | 23:00:00 | 2 | -0.04 | 0.96 | 62.5 | 20.9 |
| 2/16/1978 | 21:00:00 | 2 | -0.04 | 0.96 | 7.2 | -99 |
| 3/1/1978 | 4:14:00 | 2 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 3.7 | -99 |
| 3/1/1978 | 12:15:00 | 1 | -0.12 | 0.88 | 12.3 | -99 |
| 3/3/1978 | 4:00:00 | 1 | -0.13 | 0.87 | 4.6 | -99 |
| 3/3/1978 | 10:00:00 | 2 | -0.11 | 0.89 | 2.2 | -99 |
| 4/1/1978 | 6:00:00 | 1 | -0.41 | 0.59 | 10 | -99 |
| 4/1/1978 | 8:00:00 | 2 | -0.39 | 0.61 | 12.5 | 2.8 |
| 4/3/1978 | 17:00:00 | 1 | -0.43 | 0.57 | 6.3 | 2.1 |
| 4/3/1978 | 18:00:00 | 2 | -0.41 | 0.59 | 1.1 | 2.1 |
| 4/13/1978 | 8:00:00 | 1 | -0.55 | 0.45 | 7.6 | -99 |
| 4/15/1978 | 8:00:00 | 1 | -0.57 | 0.43 | 2.3 | -99 |
| 4/15/1978 | 17:00:00 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2.7 | -99 |
| 4/16/1978 | 6:00:00 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5.1 | -99 |
| 4/16/1978 | 13:00:00 | 1 | -0.59 | 0.41 | 6 | -99 |
| 7/8/1978 | 9:00:00 | 1 | -0.08 | 0.92 | 6 | -99 |
| 9/12/1978 | 23:22:00 | 1 | -0.17 | 0.83 | 11 | -99 |
| 11/6/1978 | 10:00:00 | 1 | -0.68 | 0.32 | 3.6 | -99 |
| 11/8/1978 | 7:10:00 | 2 | -0.66 | 0.34 | 9.2 | -99 |
| 12/24/1978 | 6:00:00 | 2 | -0.13 | 0.87 | 1.2 | 1 |
| 12/25/1978 | 9:00:00 | 1 | -0.16 | 0.84 | 4.7 | 5 |
| 12/28/1978 | 23:01:00 | 1 | -0.13 | 0.87 | 17.1 | 5 |
| 12/29/1978 | 6:05:00 | 2 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 9.6 | 5 |
| 2/27/1979 | 2:43:00 | 1 | -0.04 | 0.96 | 16.5 | 1.8 |
| 2/27/1979 | 20:38:00 | 2 | -0.06 | 0.94 | 7.3 | 1.8 |
| 3/3/1979 | 2:00:00 | 1 | -0.05 | 0.95 | 81.4 | 2.9 |
| 3/11/1979 | 2:00:00 | 2 | -0.12 | 0.88 | 0.8 | -99 |
| 4/2/1979 | 19:00:00 | 2 | -0.32 | 0.68 | 2.3 | -99 |
| 4/3/1979 | 19:45:00 | 1 | -0.26 | 0.74 | 4.7 | -99 |
| 4/4/1979 | 13:35:00 | 2 | -0.34 | 0.66 | 34 | 6.5 |
| 4/5/1979 | 15:00:00 | 2 | -0.36 | 0.64 | 10.6 | -99 |
| 4/9/1979 | 5:00:00 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.2 | -99 |
| 4/9/1979 | 6:00:00 | 2 | -0.4 | 0.6 | 6.2 | 1 |
| 4/13/1979 | 14:00:00 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2.8 | -99 |
| 4/18/1979 | 17:00:00 | 2 | -0.52 | 0.48 | 4.3 | 3.3 |
| 4/23/1979 | 1:00:00 | 2 | -0.6 | 0.4 | 5.8 | -99 |
| 4/23/1979 | 18:17:00 | 2 | -0.6 | 0.4 | 11.2 | 5.5 |
| 5/3/1979 | 12:00:00 | 2 | -0.71 | 0.29 | 2.8 | -99 |
| 5/8/1979 | 22:00:00 | 1 | -0.68 | 0.32 | 1.7 | -99 |
| 5/9/1979 | 2:00:00 | 2 | -0.71 | 0.29 | 17.4 | -99 |
| 5/11/1979 | 22:00:00 | 1 | -0.7 | 0.3 | 6.6 | -99 |
| 5/28/1979 | 8:00:00 | 2 | -0.48 | 0.52 | 12.8 | -99 |
| 5/28/1979 | 18:49:00 | 1 | -0.58 | 0.42 | 34.1 | -99 |
| 6/12/1979 | 3:00:00 | 2 | -0.31 | 0.69 | 9.3 | -99 |
| 12/13/1979 | 8:57:00 | 1 | -0.43 | 0.57 | 3.4 | -99 |
| 12/13/1979 | 12:50:00 | 2 | -0.29 | 0.71 | 6.3 | -99 |
| 12/30/1979 | 14:00:00 | 2 | -0.14 | 0.86 | 3.3 | -99 |
| 1/3/1980 | 9:00:00 | 1 | -0.22 | 0.78 | 3.2 | -99 |
| 1/10/1980 | 20:48:00 | 2 | -0.08 | 0.92 | 9.5 | 2.4 |
| 1/10/1980 | 23:08:00 | 1 | -0.16 | 0.84 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
| 1/12/1980 | 9:00:00 | 2 | -0.07 | 0.93 | 9.5 | 3.1 |
| 1/24/1980 | 16:00:00 | 1 | -0.07 | 0.93 | 3.2 | -99 |
| 3/5/1980 | 1:45:00 | 1 | -0.01 | 0.99 | 2.4 | -99 |
| 3/5/1980 | 14:34:00 | 2 | -0.06 | 0.94 | 4.7 | -99 |
| 3/22/1980 | 14:03:00 | 1 | -0.08 | 0.92 | 1.6 | -99 |
| 3/29/1980 | 11:52:00 | 1 | -0.11 | 0.89 | 27.6 | -99 |
| 3/31/1980 | 2:00:00 | 1 | -0.12 | 0.88 | 3.6 | -99 |
| 6/10/1980 | 9:00:00 | 1 | -0.62 | 0.38 | 17.6 | -99 |
| 6/19/1980 | 20:14:00 | 1 | -0.5 | 0.5 | 7.8 | -99 |
| 7/13/1980 | 19:00:00 | 1 | -0.24 | 0.76 | 9.5 | -99 |
| 4/28/1981 | 2:00:00 | 1 | -0.23 | 0.77 | 26.4 | -99 |
| 5/25/1981 | 19:00:00 | 1 | -0.53 | 0.47 | 8.8 | -99 |
| 5/26/1981 | 14:00:00 | 1 | -0.54 | 0.46 | 7.1 | -99 |
| 5/29/1981 | 19:00:00 | 1 | -0.58 | 0.42 | 2.4 | -99 |
| 5/31/1981 | 17:00:00 | 1 | -0.61 | 0.39 | 3.1 | -99 |
| 6/18/1981 | 22:00:00 | 1 | -0.68 | 0.32 | 19.4 | -99 |
| 6/19/1981 | 23:00:00 | 1 | -0.68 | 0.32 | 3.2 | -99 |
| 6/26/1981 | 11:00:00 | 1 | -0.6 | 0.4 | 3.7 | -99 |
| 7/31/1981 | 2:00:00 | 1 | -0.2 | 0.8 | 4.7 | -99 |
| 8/13/1981 | 1:00:00 | 1 | -0.11 | 0.89 | 4.3 | -99 |
| Fill value | -99 |
Publications
A. Papaioannou, A. Belov, M. Abunina, E. Eroshenko, A. Abunin, A. Anastasiadis, S. Patsourakos, H. Mavromichalaki, Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections as the driver of non-recurrent Forbush decreases, Astrophys. J., DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6bd1, 2020 | available here
J. L. Freiherr von Forstner, J. Guo, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, M. Dumbović, M. Janvier, P. Démoulin, A. Veronig, M. Temmer, A. Papaioannou, S. Dasso, D. M. Hassler, C. J. Zeitlin, Comparing the Properties of ICME-Induced Forbush decreases at Earth and Mars, J. Geophys. Res., DOI:10.1029/2019JA027662, 2020 | available here
E. Paouris, A. Vourlidas, A. Papaioannou, A. Anastasiadis, Assessing the projection correction of Coronal Mass Ejection speeds on Time-of-Arrival prediction performance using the Effective Acceleration Model, Space Weather, DOI:10.1029/2020SW002617, 2020 | available here
E. Paouris, J. Calogovic, M. Dumbovic, M. L. Mays, A. Vourlidas, A. Papaioannou, A. Anastasiadis, G. Balasis: Propagating conditions and the time of ICMEs arrival: A Comparison of the Effective Acceleration Model with ENLIL and DBEM modes, Solar Physics, 296:12, DOI:10.1007/s11207-020-01747-4, 2021 | available here
A. Belov, A. Papaioannou, M. Abunina, M. Dumbovic, I.G. Richardson, B. Heber, P. Kühl, K. Herbst, A. Anastasiadis, A. Vourlidas, E. Eroshenko, A. Abunin, On the Rigidity Spectrum of Cosmic Ray Variations within Propagating Interplanetary Disturbances: Neutron Monitor and SOHO/EPHIN observations at ~1-10 GV, Astrophys. J., DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd724, 908, 5, 2021 | available here
J. L. Freiherr von Forstner, M. Dumbović, C. Möstl, J. Guo, A. Papaioannou, et al.,, Radial Evolution of the April 2020 Stealth Coronal Mass Ejection between 0.8 and 1 AU: A Comparison of Forbush Decreases at Solar Orbiter and Earth, Astron. Astrophys., DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/202039848, 2021 | available here
Presentations
A. Papaioannou, A. Belov, A. Vourlidas and A. Anastasiadis, TRAcking interplanetary Coronal mass Ejections with foRbush decreases (TRACER), European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly, 07 - 12 April 2019, Vienna, Austria | [abstract] | [presentation]